I agree with Ezekiel that the primary problem evolution poses for Christianity is what to do about the Fall. It’s an issue I’ve though a bit about without coming to any firm conclusion.

There is something which slightly bothers me about Ezekiel’s description of the “mythological escape” which sees the evolutionary process as itself a product of the Fall, which is the description of the Fall (in this view) “creeping back into time and altering the entire history of the planet.” This sounds like the ME would hold that there is a (non-evolutionary or at least non-violent) “pre-history A” of humanity which is then substituted (whatever that would mean) by a violent, evolutionary “pre-history B” as a result of the Fall. But it seems to me you could have a version of the mythological escape in which there only ever was, temporally, the violent, evolutionary “pre-history B” but where this fact is nonetheless result of human free choice in the middle of history. So the effects of the Fall would temporally precede it but logically follow it. (After all, it’s not like God creates partway through time and then hangs in suspense on the outcome of Adam’s choice, anyway).

As I’ve mentioned before, there is precedent for this sort of thing in Catholic theology in the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Here, Mary’s own immaculate conception (analogous, perhaps, to the effects of the Fall) is dependent on the redemption effected by Christ which is itself dependent on Mary’s own fiat (analogous to the Fall itself). If anything this pushes the idea of “Mary as the New Eve” even further. On the other hand, the analogy is not quite adequate, since in the case of the Fall the circle is not complete because the Fall is not enabled by its own consequences. Anyway, I’m not quite satisfied with this as a solution for a number of other reasons, but I’m not particular disturbed by its temporal hijinks.

Also worth thinking about in this context are Michael Liccione’s thoughts on evolution and original sin, though they seem to paint a somewhat more bleak picture of “nature” (in the nature/grace sense) than I’m inclined to, though perhaps don’t entirely understand everything involved.