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New York to London in 52 minutes? Hypersonic Aircraft Beyond Supersonics

In April the US Air Force, Boeing and United Technologies will launch a hypersonic jet called the X-51 Waverider that will fly at 4,000 miles per hour -- six times the speed of sound -- or Mach 6. The small jet is shaped like a missile. It will be attached to the wing of a B-52 bomber and flown to an altitude of 50,000 feet. During its maiden flight, the rocket-shaped aircraft will be dropped from its carrier over the Pacific Ocean, where it will fall freely for 4 seconds. Then, a tactical missile rocket will fire, boosting the jet to faster than four times the speed of sound. Its massive motor will spring to life, and quickly accelerate it to a speed of about 5,800 km/hr, near the Mach 5 horizon. Once this speed is reached, its one-of-a-kind scramjet engine will roar to life, and will accelerate the craft even further, to Mach 6, or about 7,400 km/hr or 4,000 mph at that altitude. From New York's JFK to London's Heathrow at that speed? 52 minutes! By comparison, the supersonic Concorde had an average cruise speed of Mach 2 or about 2,140 km/h or 1,330 mph.

Background

The US Air Force has over the past few years been developing a new type of airplane, a scramjet-powered hypersonic craft, capable of reaching as much as Mach 7 in speed. Experts in charge of the project have already flown the X-51 Waverider while attached to a B-52 bomber, and they recently announced that they were about to begin the first of four test flights to see the X-51 actually separating from its host, and going hypersonic. The goal engineers tried to achieve was to create a plane that would travel faster and further than all of its predecessors. St Louis-based Boeing Defense, Space & Security Systems has been working on the airplane since 2003, and officials highlight that the new airplane is the first hypersonic vehicle to fly in the United States for the past six years. Behind this project are the Air Force Research Laboratory and also the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). DARPA had a lot to do with many of the objects in the modern world that we see and touch every day, such as the Internet and the computer mouse, but its name is barely ever mentioned in association with these accomplishments. It is heavily involved with classified research projects.

Previous Records

The fastest aircraft ever, an unmanned aircraft predecessor called the X-43, hit 9.8 times the speed of sound or Mach 9.8 in 2004. It was powered by hydrogen and flew for just 10 seconds. The second fastest, the X-15, was powered by rockets and was basically a spaceship -- many of its flights, mainly in the 1960s, qualified its pilots as astronauts!

New Records

The X-51 is a US Air Force program designed to push the limits of high-speed flight. The airplane, built by Boeing and powered by the United Technologies subsidiary Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, would be the third-fastest aircraft in history and the fastest powered by jet fuel. If the X-51 works as planned -- not a sure thing given that the first X-43 failed -- it would be only the third flight to reach hypersonic speeds.

What is Hypersonic Flight?

Hypersonic flight is defined as aircraft speed faster than five times the speed of sound or Mach 5, as opposed to the start of supersonic flight at Mach 1. Grand plans for hypersonic vehicles have been around for decades, but their goals were often unrealistic and not matched by budgets, resulting in failure. The approach on X-51 has been to demonstrate the technologies that could one day enable craft like single-stage-to-orbit vehicles. Potential applications for hypersonic technology are superfast airplanes, missiles and reusable space launch vehicles. The reason why Mach 5 is considered to be the hypersonic flight threshold by many is the fact that a combination of phenomena, including the molecular dissociation and ionisation of the airflow around the plane, starts to play a very significant part in the overall forces that particular craft is subjected to. Coming up with a more rigid definition for when hypersonic flight begins is rather difficult, because many characteristics change at different speeds, not all at once.

Practical Purpose

The programme is more than a speed contest. It's part of an effort to go fast and travel further without having to carry lots of rocket fuel. For 300 seconds the X-51 will be powered by a hydrocarbon-based jet fuel called JP7 -- 30 times longer than the X-43. As it stands now, the Space Shuttle and other space-bound vehicles have to carry huge tanks of oxygen along board to keep the rocket fuel burning. If engineers could build a craft that could use the oxygen in the air for at least part of its journey, the craft could carry more useful supplies and equipment into space. NASA began looking at the technology (it ran the X-43 program) to develop a less bulky and expensive way of getting to space.

The Unique Scramjet

The engine on the X-51, called a supersonic-combustion ramjet, or "scramjet," achieves a number of tricky tasks simultaneously:

. It uses air not just to burn the fuel, but also to provide the compression for the combustion that in most motors is provided by a fan or a piston;
. The plane's air-intake chamber is shaped in such a way that inrushing air is slowed to about half the speed of the plane, ie, Mach 3;
. The slowed air is directed to the combustion chamber to increase the pressure there to the optimal level for burning the fuel;
. The fuel is then pressed into double service: it is used for combustion and its way the fuel sucks heat from the engine; and
. This cools the engine and heats the fuel to its optimum temperature for combustion.

The whole process has been compared to keeping a match lit in a hurricane. But that understates the problem: hurricane winds are nowhere near Mach 3!

Test Flight Schedule

Boeing says it expects to fly the X-51 in mid-April. The plane is ready to go, and the maiden flight was tentatively scheduled for March 17, but it has been put off until the US Air Force can carve out some time on the equipment needed for launch and line up the necessary air space clearance. This spring's first flight will be one of four scheduled for the programme. After that, researchers would like use their findings to design a system that could both go faster, which could get them closer to space, and slower, which would allow them to depart from the ground. And maybe, someday, bound from New York's JFK for London's Heathrow!

[ENDS]

We welcome your thoughts, observations and views. To reflect further on this, please respond within Twitter, Linked and Facebook's ATCA Open and related Socratic dialogue platform of HQR.

All the best


DK Matai

Chairman and Founder: mi2g.net, ATCA, The Philanthropia, HQR, @G140

To connect directly with:

. DK Matai: http://twitter.com/DKMatai

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- ATCA, The Philanthropia, mi2g, HQR, @G140 --

This is an "ATCA Open, Philanthropia and HQR Socratic Dialogue."

The "ATCA Open" network on LinkedIn and Facebook is for professionals interested in ATCA's original global aims, working with ATCA step-by-step across the world, or developing tools supporting ATCA's objectives to build a better world.

The original ATCA -- Asymmetric Threats Contingency Alliance -- is a philanthropic expert initiative founded in 2001 to resolve complex global challenges through collective Socratic dialogue and joint executive action to build a wisdom based global economy. Adhering to the doctrine of non-violence, ATCA addresses asymmetric threats and social opportunities arising from climate chaos and the environment; radical poverty and microfinance; geo-politics and energy; organised crime & extremism; advanced technologies -- bio, info, nano, robo & AI; demographic skews and resource shortages; pandemics; financial systems and systemic risk; as well as transhumanism and ethics. Present membership of the original ATCA network is by invitation only and has over 5,000 distinguished members from over 120 countries: including 1,000 Parliamentarians; 1,500 Chairmen and CEOs of corporations; 1,000 Heads of NGOs; 750 Directors at Academic Centres of Excellence; 500 Inventors and Original thinkers; as well as 250 Editors-in-Chief of major media.

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— with Barry Soetoro, Yasmeen Baroness Von Schleinitz, Douglas Ward Kelley, Rebecca Batts, Lawrence Bloom, Deepak Chopra, Seshadri Nathan Krishnan, Jane Chavez Umali, James Birthrong, Swami Neelamber, Gloria O'Neil Savage, Michelle-Jennifer Del Rosario Santos, Elisa Hatch, Arno Du Pisanie, Judy Osmundson, Richard Gerber, Philip Tenigam, Amanda Dawn Montanaro, Mari Geiger-Howiler, Diane Wallrich, Milla Lehtinen, Laura Boomer-Trent, Michael Buchanan, Carolee Merrill, Ross Stokes, Marie-Ora de Villiers Scheel, Fabiana Marcela Capello, Emma Farr Rawlings, Angela Nix, Hayley Irusen, Mariamme Baum, Jacqueline Sara, Cosmic Kimaya, Gypsey Montes, Isabelle Harford, Deborah LaFreniere and Sieglinde Martina Obwexer.
  • Philip Tenigam, Levan Gogoberidze, Lili Vucic and 28 others like this.
    • Robin Lynn Ore Douglas Ward Kelley... you are freeze dry worthy... definitely. I can see it now, the future arrives and there you are... all shriveled up in your suit near that "artwork" and they plop you into a tub of water. Soon, out of your mouth comes that hip hop you have on your brain. The people standing around to witness it will say, What have we done? You will start a trend all over again...;)
      March 20, 2010 at 12:21am
    • Richard Gerber Sugar acts as anti-freeze preventing the formation of ice crystals in the cell. You must have missed the video of the frog.
      March 20, 2010 at 2:26am · 2
    • James Birthrong I like ice in my lemonade.
      March 20, 2010 at 6:36am
    • Mi Shell Giddy Up!
      March 20, 2010 at 8:49am
    • Marie-Ora de Villiers Scheel Out of curiosity - if ice expands and destroys a cell, how do frozen eggs/sperm/fertilized eggs survive? Personally I have no interest in cryogenics or being freeze-dried - I'm more than happy to join the 'Choir Invisible' :)
      March 20, 2010 at 8:54am
    • Mi Shell Best believe!
      March 20, 2010 at 10:07am
    • Karen Pappageorge The plane will not carry passengers. We can not take that speed ~ I'll bet they put in a mouse just to see what happens
      March 20, 2010 at 10:17am
    • James Birthrong One time they thought we could not handle 30mph.
      March 20, 2010 at 11:23am
    • Douglas Ward Kelley
      I can't wait to be a like those silly freeze-dried strawberry slices in Special K.? The ones that get slimy in milk? I'm sure that my experience in the future would be just as goofy as Woody Allen's was in "Sleeper?" I'd wake up, full of no...nsense, and secret plans for everyone in the future, only to find that all of my best ideas had already occurred long ago. I'd end up like Woody's character, a former health food store owner, on the run with a group of future back to the past, Counter Revolutionaries, like Patty Hearst and the Symbionese Liberation Army, on a dangerous mission to steal the "nose of the leader," before some future repressive regime could re-clone him? No, I think not! I think part of living well, is facing death bravely, and realizing that our mortality is actually the greatest gift there is as an incentive to live every day to the fullest, and tried to make our best effort to make a positive contribution in the fields that reflect our love of this life and remind us of our most righteous, precious prejudices? Tnd to never tarry, and do it now, while we can, on the only inhabited planet we know of, even if we have the technology to go, as the remaining humans did in Blade Runner "Off Earth?"? So, also as Woody Allen says,"It's not death that bothers me, it's the idea that I have to be there when it happens?"See More
      March 20, 2010 at 12:13pm
    • Richard Gerber In Infinite Play, immortality is a curse, to play the same character for an eternity would be no fun. So it fashioned a way a erase our memory and that is what death really is, memory erasure which is followed by the development of a new character in the Infinite Play.
      March 20, 2010 at 12:45pm · 2
    • Buddha Zen The Memetic engineer is at work I see. The thought that we enter timelessness when we sleep is interesting to entertain
      March 21, 2010 at 10:02pm
    • Russil Tamsen Talk about whiplash!
      April 7, 2010 at 10:14am
    • Jonquil LeMaster Do you think that might cause nose bleeds? ;-0)
      April 7, 2010 at 11:18am
    • Robin Lynn Ore
      Richard: Ice crystals are formed by a jolt or strong vibration and spread quickly from one to the other. Sugar is not the reason frogs can be unfrozen and get back to hopping. If you freeze a frog and then drop it, those cells which are not... elastic enough to withstand expansion freeze and the cells are pulled apart. The frog is also a hibernating creature, a separate area now of research, but relevant to it's survival of freezing. It also has copper based blood, not iron based blood. If a human were frozen slowly, they would have to be maintained without even the slightest jolt to prevent ice crystal formation.

      Infinite Play sounds like a standard military psychiatrist's use of E.D.O.M. Electronic Dissolution of Memory, to cover crimes and corruption and of course NWO plans for us all, which no doubt would be much more limited on our life spans. They like to play games with people. We are their distant entertainment with immunity.

      Marie: Individual cells are often preserved in a suspension which prevents jolting and ice formation. This is also how they are researching trying to freeze a human being, with suspension for the same reasons. Freeze drying on the other hand removes moisture and water from the tissue and so there is next to nothing which will expand if ice forms.

      Buddha Zen: Here's wishing for more time to enter and entertain timelessness awake and asleep is a matter of fixing the communications networks which are Human interfaced with chips and antennas, and stopping all this diversionary tactic of it being something else, like _________. (fill in the blank).

      Douglas, If you look at Bladerunner again, you will notice that at the end, he recognizes that he too was implanted with false memories of his own life and that he was a free to live long with his love, who was implanted with false memories of her life. Remember the Unicorn dreams and the origami, left by the operative? The "off worlder's" were the same, but a slave class with a timeframe imposed. They were all genetically engineered and all recognition came through dreams. Bladerunner was a projection into the future of existing programs started during WWII by the Nazi's from Operation Paperclip with the CIA and others. Did you notice humor was missing? I guess you are in the right time frame for now.

      Karen: Are you talking about Interplanetary travel? In space there is little volume and nothing to push against for thrust. Acceleration would produce a vacuum weightlessness and the passengers would float. The problem is how to move, which is a function of vehicle design of propulsion systems.

      That rocket looks like it would spin because there is not much of a wing for lift or stability. After the exhaustion of fuel it would lose altitude and have no stearing power, is what I would guess. That duck nose would flip it backward without a down point to it. Too bad my old buddy Hank is not around to critique that. He helped design the Space Shuttle. I was fortunate enough to work on airship designs with him.

      This is a great string.
      See More
      April 7, 2010 at 11:43pm
    • Richard Gerber
      Robin, I don't know where you get your information from but it doesn't match the reality I am in and I don't see the logic, reason or basis for much of it. In my reality frog hemoglobin uses iron, it is clear we are in two different but par...allel realities since in your reality frogs have copper based blood. It must be a glitch in the Matrix that we are able to communicate but it won't be much benefit for me to discuss things that do not exist in the one I experience.See More
      April 8, 2010 at 12:47am
    • Robin Lynn Ore Richard, crabs, lobsters, spiders and many other reptilian creatures have copper based blood. This is a fact.
      April 8, 2010 at 6:30pm
    • Richard Gerber Crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin and frogs, which we are discussing do not. Yes the freezing frogs release sugar into their blood stream acting as anti-freeze but it's not that important http://cryojump.com/ the video is on this page
      April 8, 2010 at 6:54pm · 2
    • Robin Lynn Ore
      I am not speaking of globulin in my remarks, which are proteins, but the inorganic blood element of copper instead of iron as a constutuent of blood. Cyanin refers to poisonous proteins and is rare. I once almost experienced a life threaten...ing problem diving, wanting to touch a lovely shell creature on the ocean reef. I would not be here if I had. On the other hand, I have eaten plenty of oysters.

      I downloaded years ago the research from the cryogenics scientist who discussed the problem with ice crystal formation and survivability. I will look for it and see if I can provide a link to the very interesting paper he did.

      Thanks for the link to the video. It is important for a frog. The cells do not form ice crystals in it's vital organs due to a triggered event of dehydration upon contact with ice. The ice forms only around the organs with available moisture, while it's body tissues are elastic in expansion. Frogs, like Monkfish can breath, respire and expel moisture throught their skin. We can do that to a much lesser extent through our pores. Neet!

      It is too bad people do not have this ability.
      See More
      April 8, 2010 at 7:30pm
    • James Birthrong Who are you guys?! (;oD
      April 8, 2010 at 8:25pm
    • Rebecca Batts Richard; did you watch the movie "Vanilla Sky"? just wondering ...
      to everyone: why do we need to go so fast? life is enjoyed by slowing down ... Buddhist says "stay calm" .. I
      think going to fast is wearing us all out. notice the saying...."take time to stop and smell the roses"
      Peace to you all :o)
      April 8, 2010 at 9:56pm
    • Gypsey Montes
      rebecca respetively Buddah and the monks lived/s far from the pace of the world...it is a fast world...to give the illusion of moving fast does not neccessarily mean one is moving fast and visa versa..this is me in case...at this time in hi...story our interactions with people are moving at extrodinary speeds..our relationships and experiences are twice the pace they were twenty years ago..

      Walt Disney is frozen i believe and has been for some time..i don't think every mere mortal or frog should be..only great souls that by extending their lives have some solutions to share...Rebecca Buddah may be good to have on earth at this time or Christ on the other hand their presence may cause more problems...we will never all agree on anything...and when we do...it has never been a good thing anyhow....
      See More
      April 8, 2010 at 10:10pm
    • Gypsey Montes James...people have been asking that for millenia..good luck in getting an answer...and with ice in your drink!!!!
      April 8, 2010 at 10:11pm
    • Gypsey Montes Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds.” Albert Einstein.
      April 8, 2010 at 10:13pm
    • Rebecca Batts GM - thank you for your feedback. I agree with you. as for Einstein's comment .. .. no wonder that I have had opposition in my life from people .. hahhaaa ... if we can't laugh at ourselves .. someone else will
      April 8, 2010 at 10:47pm
    • Richard Gerber
      Hi Rebbecca, funny you should bring that up, no I hadn't but I just went and read the plot on IMDB and it sounds like a mashup of some of my short stories from long ago published in the entertainment forum. Of course upon reading that it is... all a bit surreal to me and quite fitting I must totally be in lucid dream. The main character is played by Tom Cruz who I worked with in what seems to be real life for 3 days in like 87. Five years later I started making and selling the Lucid Dreamer Tapes and CDs with binaural beat entrainment technology. It gets much much better than that but this isn’t the place to tell the story. I think if we take risks and don't act on fear thoughts life is like a movie and if we don't it is rather mundane playing the part of the general audience but somebody has to play the audience right? http://lifeislikeamovie.com/See More
      April 9, 2010 at 12:41am
    • Richard Gerber James we are just characters you are creating in your mind.
      April 9, 2010 at 12:44am
    • Richard Gerber
      Robin I didn't mention Cyanin. I said Hemocyanin which are respiratory proteins in the form of metalloproteins containing two copper atoms that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule. Colorless blood that turns blue when oxygenated. Hemoc...yanins carry oxygen in the hemolymph of most molluscs, and some arthropods (invertebrates) . Not frogs which are vertebrates, having backbones or spinal columns and use hemoglobin. Interestingly the insect looking extraterrestrials use Hemocyanin, at least that is what it is in the story line. See More
      April 9, 2010 at 1:04am
    • Gypsey Montes
      once many many years ago in amsterdam , in my chemical days, i took a very large dose of speed. I was moving so fast that the world slowed down. So much so that i witnessed the common house fly doing its dance in slow motion. when I jumped ...off the highest Bungie at 270 metres a few years ago I witnessed the same experience. It was only a few seconds but it appeared to be like a 35 minute jump. I witnessed some scientific tests that measured the parson's interpratation of time as they jumped and indeed it was as I had experienced, in their minds slowed down. So time and speed must be on one hand our own experience vs reality. Not sure if it is relevant but there you are....( p.s I am stitcly tea tottler now..boring i know).See More
      April 9, 2010 at 1:07am
    • James Birthrong Nancy...If you have to ask....(;oD
      April 17, 2010 at 7:57pm
    • Richard Gerber The future of Air Travel is the Solar powered blimp. You can quote me on that. Were going to build them in Detroit, flat topped pyramids as loading platforms a bit like Chichen Itza. I am already documenting the invention process.
      April 17, 2010 at 8:21pm
    • Richard Gerber It would explain the blimps in the dreams
      April 17, 2010 at 8:23pm
    • Judy Osmundson With infinite regeneration, who needs time? Anybody have space considerations? ;))
      April 17, 2010 at 8:38pm
    • Robin Lynn Ore The requests for proposals, first from the Air Force and later from the Army were for solar powered dirigibles. They have been on the drawing boards and in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.
      April 17, 2010 at 11:09pm
    • Richard Gerber Wonders if the the Hindenburg was sabotage creating fear of blimps... I think GoodYear put that fear to rest in our minds imagine the advertising income potential the passengers could ride for free
      April 17, 2010 at 11:26pm
    • Richard Gerber Using new advanced light weight carbon fiber technology we could ride the JET STREAMS, sounds like fun
      April 17, 2010 at 11:28pm
    • Richard Gerber That is 100 to 400 MPH Air Powered mostly. What if we invented wind powered sailing vessels? That would be something.
      April 17, 2010 at 11:35pm
    • Richard Gerber With everything wind and sun powered we wouldn't need Oil tankers and with mostly local production we wouldn't need huge container ships
      April 17, 2010 at 11:36pm
    • Richard Gerber Blimps would be oblivious to air born particulates.
      April 17, 2010 at 11:37pm
    • Douglas Ward Kelley The solar powered dirigibles sounds like a fun way to cruise to Europe and back to me, but there's this older technology than I'm interested in but I can't think of right now. Don't worry it will come to me?
      April 18, 2010 at 12:08am
    • Robin Lynn Ore
      Richard, The HAA High Altitude Airship program was cancelled for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the lighter than air factor of flammable gas, the inconsistency of uniform distribution and other problems associated with nanot...ube materials and the fact that there is nothing much to push against at 80,000 feet. Also, there is degradation of solar panels by UV light and wind which blows it off station. I worked on it for 3 years with a high level aerospace designer. It is a nightmare in more ways than one to get involved in the aerospace industry. I highly recommend you make your movie instead.

      On your earlier post, I have it somewhere in my files that there is acceptance of either a magnesium or copper bonding with the oxygen molecule in frogs. It did send me on a review, though.
      See More
      April 18, 2010 at 12:32am
    • Gypsey Montes one way or another we will find a means of using solar energy to travell....
      April 18, 2010 at 12:49am
    • James Birthrong Robin and Richard are all the entertainment I need on a daily basis...you guys are fun. (;oD
      April 18, 2010 at 8:02am
    • Laura Boomer-Trent Richard, I have the same solar-powered air travel dreams - liesurely and environmentlly friendly - We know it makes sense!
      Robin, do we have to go so high, so fast? Unless we are reaching for the stars, can't we just keep it s-low?
      April 18, 2010 at 11:31am
    • Amanda Dawn Montanaro With the proper goodie bag of nutrients, sweets, and hydrations : in tandem with an unbreakable spiritual foundation one will find travel in such conditions not only possible, but a joy not to be missed! Music and the company of Good friends is always key :)
      Here's to a quantum leap forward! Ray On!
      April 18, 2010 at 11:46am
    • Richard Gerber
      This is a total trip I just discovered some additional facts and relationships (puzzle pieces) that I was missing thanks to Robin's information which didn't agree with some of the information I understood to be true. Everything and EveryOne... has its divine purpose for being. So I went to look up some stuff. First my response. I thought Jet streams were 33,000–52,000 ft. Although Jet streams wouldn't always be that practical, flowing mostly west to east in other words one must fly towards the Sun rise when riding jet streams it might be at times possible to utilize. Helium is non-flammable Because it is lighter than air, airships and balloons are inflated with helium for lift. While hydrogen gas is approximately 7% more buoyant, helium has the advantage of being non-flammable (in addition to being fire retardant) it is the second most abundant element in the universe atomic number 2.See More
      April 18, 2010 at 3:50pm
    • Richard Gerber
      Some interesting things about Helium which is a very cool element, unlike any other element, helium will remain liquid down to absolute zero at normal pressures. This is a direct effect of quantum mechanics: specifically, the zero point ene...rgy of the system is too high to allow freezing. Helium II is a superfluid, a quantum-mechanical state of matter with strange properties. Also Helium has a valence of zero and is chemically unreactive under all normal conditions. The thermal conductivity of helium II is greater than that of any other known substance, a million times that of helium I and several hundred times that of copper. This is because heat conduction occurs by an exceptional quantum mechanism. The flow of heat is governed by equations that are similar to the wave equation used to characterize sound propagation in air. When heat is introduced, it moves at 20 meters per second at 1.8 K through helium II as waves in a phenomenon known as second sound. from WikipediaSee More
      April 18, 2010 at 3:51pm
    • Robin Lynn Ore
      Laura, The main problem for low altitude airships which already use both solar power and some are using nanotube material is they are sitting targets. If something happens to them, they crash straight down and whatever they carry becomes a ...problem for the population below. The risk factor is too great. In terms of HAA and Space Ships, this is where the need is and where money goes into design. The problem is staying on station and countering wind and the best inflation material is Hydrogen. As there is no oxygen in space unless you put it there, there is no way for the hydrogen to burn if there is a spark. The only exception to that are superconductive material that sustains plasma arcs with metals.

      Richard, the US Government has a monopoly on Helium for airships and China has a monopoly on Xenon. Nanotubes grow dendrites and pulverize the surrounding lesser hard material because they are reactive to UV light. The body disintegrates. Better to move right onto conformal coatings. I am not going to spend any more time on that. In the end, it is a waste of time, the corporate thieves will come and get you and put you into a prison camp to work for them for free. They are not going to let anyone except Japanese and Chinese companies control the air. There is as much money pressure as there is unequal pressure on the interior of the dirigible material, like a weak spot in an artery.

      Thus, Airships are used not for human transport nor fuels and such but for communications and even weapons. They are classified ultimately and not worth your time unless you go and work for Boeing or Lockheed Martin, who already have every imaginable design there is and then some, even if they do not own them.

      James, you are right. It is only entertainment. How could it be anything else with no funds attached for accounting purposes?
      See More
      April 18, 2010 at 6:58pm
    • Rebecca Batts don't know too much about flying the blimp .. but I am going for the kite boarding adventure this summer .. I'll get my 'air'that way :o0
      April 21, 2010 at 11:53pm