A história da Ponte Salazar sobre o Rio Tejo

A história da Ponte Salazar sobre o Rio Tejo
[repetição]
[Após o 25 de Abril de 1974, é rebaptizada com a designação da data da queda do regime fundado por Salazar]
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Produção: Laboratórios Tobis Portuguesa para o Min. Obras Públicas; Realização: Leitão de Barros; Duração: aprox. 20 min.
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Às 15H00 do dia 6 de Agosto de 1966 a ponte é aberta ao público. «Um Austin-Seven verde, com a matrícula DC-72-48, foi o primeiro automóvel a entrar no tabuleiro da ponte na sua saída de Lisboa para a Outra Banda”, num ambiente em que “todos os automobilistas, desconhecendo a prioridade, tentaram a todo o custo, num atropelo de direitos que chegou a traduzir-se em barafunda, ultrapassar todos os veículos que circulassem à sua frente». in DN

Em 1962 o governo adjudica a obra à «United States Steel Export Company». A obra compreendia a construção da ponte sobre o rio, a realização de um complexo rodoviário que incluía 15 km de auto-estrada, trinta e duas estruturas de betão armado e pré-esforçado, o Viaduto Norte sobre Alcântara (com 945,11 m de extensão e catorze vãos, cujo tabuleiro de betão pré-esforçado é apoiado em pilares gémeos de betão armado, ligados por uma travessa horizontal a 10 m do topo, destinada a suportar o tabuleiro ferroviário), um túnel sob a Praça da Portagem (com cerca de 600 m de comprimento e destinado a receber a plataforma ferroviária do eixo de ligação da rede a Norte com a rede a Sul do rio Tejo), a sinalização e iluminação de toda a obra. Em Novembro é iniciada a obra, uma ponte constituída por uma estrutura metálica, suspensa, com cerca de 2300 m de comprimento entre ancoragens, dos quais 1013 m vencem o vão central.
As duas torres principais de aço carbono, atingem uma altura de 190,5 m acima do nível da água e estão situadas a cerca de meio quilómetro de cada margem. A construção das suas fundações, sobretudo as da torre Sul, constituiu um dos aspectos mais interessantes da obra. Implantada em pleno rio, a fundação em betão armado, realizada empregando o método do caixão aberto, assenta na rocha basáltica a 82,5 m abaixo do nível da preia-mar de águas vivas.

No topo de cada torre foram fixadas duas grandes selas de aço fundido, que dão apoio aos dois cabos principais de suspensão, constituídos por fios de aço paralelos, organizados em 37 feixes com 304 fios cada um, cintados e apertados de modo a formar, em todo o percurso suspenso, um cabo com 58,6 cm de diâmetro. A viga de rigidez e o tabuleiro são suspensos desses grandes cabos que amarram a dois maciços de betão, localizados nas margens. A grande viga de rigidez, com 21 m de largura e 10,65 m de altura, contínua em toda a sua extensão, é constituída por elementos soldados que foram depois fixados com parafusos de alta resistência. Sobre ela assenta o tabuleiro, constituído por um conjunto de longarinas e carlingas de aço sobre as quais assentam painéis formados por uma grelha do mesmo material.

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Video Transcript
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